Nauka

[bigvlada]

Varijacija na temu prethodnog članka, uz par novina.

Napredak nauke drastično produžava život
Besmrtnost sve bliža
Autor: Slađana Vasić | Foto: shuttesrstock | 25.10.2009. - 00:01

Za 25 godina bićemo u stanju da pretrčimo maraton (42 km) za 15 minuta ili da ronimo četiri sata bez boce sa kiseonikom. Za pisanje knjige, zahvaljujući mentalnom razvoju, biće nam potrebno samo nekoliko minuta – predviđa naučnik, pronalazač-futurista Rej Karcvejl, poznat po svojim predviđanjima novih tehnologija.

Karcvejl tvrdi da će ljudi postati praktično besmrtni za 20 godina zahvaljujući nanotehnologiji i boljem shvatanju načina na koji ljudsko telo funkcioniše. Ovaj 61-godišnji Amerikanac kaže da se naše razumevanje gena i kompjuterske tehnologije uvećava neverovatnim tempom. On ima teoriju da ljudsko poimanje gena i kompjuterskih tehnologija toliko napreduje, da ćemo uskoro moći da ugradimo nanotehnologiju u naša savršena tela. Iako se mnogima čini da njegova predviđanja previše obećavaju, valja znati da su veštački pankreas i nervni implantati već u upotrebi, kao i da su engleski naučnici uspeli da naprave veštački kuk i koleno neograničenog veka trajanja i veštački srčani zalistak.
Karcvejl naziva svoju teoriju „zakon o ubrzanju povratka“.
– Za oko 20 godina imaćemo sredstava da reprogramiramo naša tela na softver „ranog doba“ tako da ćemo moći da zaustavimo i vratimo unazad starenje. Kada na to dodamo pomoć nanotehnologije, jasno je da ćemo živeti doveka – ističe on.
Za 25 godina, Karcvejl tvrdi da će nanoboti, odnosno roboti mikroskopske veličine, moći da zamene ćelije krvi i vršiće svoju funkciju hiljadama puta efikasnije. Osobe koje dožive infarkt, ako već ne budu koristile veštačka srca velike snage, moći će smireno da se odvezu do doktora da bi im tamo uradili potrebni zahvat, jer će ih veštačka krv održavati u životu.
– Nanotehnologija će proširiti naše mentalne kapacitete do te mere da će nam za pisanje knjige biti potrebno samo nekoliko minuta. Ako budemo želeli da posetimo virtuelnu realnost, nanoboti će isključiti signale u mozgu i odvesti nas tamo gde želimo da idemo. Virtuelni seks će postati svakodnevica. Ljudi će postati kiborzi sa veštačkim udovima i organima – zaključio je Karcvejl.
U prilog njegovoj teoriji ide informacija da su stručnjaci na Lids univerzitetu u Velikoj Britaniji potrošili u poslednjih pet godina 50 miliona funti kako bi pronašli inovativna rešenja da ljudi nakon 50. godine dobiju još 50 aktivnih godina. Oni rade na tome da od uzgojenog sopstvenog tkiva pacijenta prave za njega druge izdržljive „rezervne delove“, poput novog kuka, kolena i srčanih zalistaka. Tim sa dr Elejn Eingam na čelu radi na razvoju potpuno funkcionalnih srčanih zalistaka tako što sa srčanog zaliska zdravog donatora, na primer svinje, nežno odstrane ćelije, koristeći koktel enzima i deterdženta. Ovi pokušaji na životinjama, a zatim i na 40 pacijenta u Brazilu, pokazali su obećavajuće rezultate. Drugi tim je uradio prvu transplantaciju veštačkog kuka koji bi pacijentu trebalo da traje do kraja života, a ne samo 20 godina, koliki mu je trenutno vek trajanja. Kombinacija izdržljive legure metalnih štekera kobalt-hroma i keramičke lopte ili “glave” trebalo bi da lako izdrži 100 miliona koraka, koliko se očekuje da bi 50-godišnjak mogao da napravi do svog stotog rođendana.

Izvor: Blic
http://www.blic.rs/blic_it.php?id=117266

 

[bigvlada]

Astronomers find organic molecules around gas planet
NASA/JPL RELEASE
Posted: October 21, 2009



Peering far beyond our solar system, NASA researchers have detected the basic chemistry for life in a second hot gas planet, advancing astronomers toward the goal of being able to characterize planets where life could exist. The planet is not habitable but it has the same chemistry that, if found around a rocky planet in the future, could indicate the presence of life.

"It's the second planet outside our solar system in which water, methane and carbon dioxide have been found, which are potentially important for biological processes in habitable planets," said researcher Mark Swain of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. "Detecting organic compounds in two exoplanets now raises the possibility that it will become commonplace to find planets with molecules that may be tied to life."

Swain and his co-investigators used data from two of NASA's orbiting Great Observatories, the Hubble Space Telescope and Spitzer Space Telescope, to study HD 209458b, a hot, gaseous giant planet bigger than Jupiter that orbits a sun-like star about 150 light years away in the constellation Pegasus. The new finding follows their breakthrough discovery in December 2008 of carbon dioxide around another hot, Jupiter-size planet, HD 189733b. Earlier Hubble and Spitzer observations of that planet had also revealed water vapor and methane.

The detections were made through spectroscopy, which splits light into its components to reveal the distinctive spectral signatures of different chemicals. Data from Hubble's near-infrared camera and multi-object spectrometer revealed the presence of the molecules, and data from Spitzer's photometer and infrared spectrometer measured their amounts.

"This demonstrates that we can detect the molecules that matter for life processes," said Swain. Astronomers can now begin comparing the two planetary atmospheres for differences and similarities. For example, the relative amounts of water and carbon dioxide in the two planets is similar, but HD 209458b shows a greater abundance of methane than HD 189733b. "The high methane abundance is telling us something," said Swain. "It could mean there was something special about the formation of this planet."

Other large, hot Jupiter-type planets can be characterized and compared using existing instruments, Swain said. This work will lay the groundwork for the type of analysis astronomers eventually will need to perform in shortlisting any promising rocky Earth-like planets where the signatures of organic chemicals might indicate the presence of life.

Rocky worlds are expected to be found by NASA's Kepler mission, which launched earlier this year, but astronomers believe we are a decade or so away from being able to detect any chemical signs of life on such a body.

If and when such Earth-like planets are found in the future, "the detection of organic compounds will not necessarily mean there's life on a planet, because there are other ways to generate such molecules," Swain said. "If we detect organic chemicals on a rocky, Earth-like planet, we will want to understand enough about the planet to rule out non-life processes that could have led to those chemicals being there."

"These objects are too far away to send probes to, so the only way we're ever going to learn anything about them is to point telescopes at them. Spectroscopy provides a powerful tool to determine their chemistry and dynamics."

This interactive web feature, developed by JPL, conveys the story of exoplanet exploration through a rich tapestry of words and images spanning thousands of years, beginning with the musings of ancient philosophers and continuing through the current era of space-based observations by NASA's Spitzer and Kepler missions. The timeline highlights milestones in culture, technology and science, and includes a planet counter that tracks the pace of exoplanet discoveries over time.

The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation between NASA and the European Space Agency and is managed by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. The Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Md., conducts Hubble science operations. The institute is operated for NASA by the Association of Universities for research in Astronomy, Inc., Washington, D.C.

JPL manages the Spitzer Space Telescope mission for NASA. Science operations are conducted at the Spitzer Science Center at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. Caltech manages JPL for NASA.

Izvor: Spaceflight now
http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0910/21planet/

 

[bigvlada]

Thursday, October 15, 2009
Physicists Calculate Number of Universes in the Multiverse
If we live in a multiverse, it's reasonable to ask how many other distinguishable universes we may share it with. Now physicists have an answer

One of the curious developments in cosmology in recent years has been the emergence of the multiverse as a mainstream idea. Instead of the Big Bang producing a single uniform universe, the latest thinking is that it produced many different universes that appear locally uniform.

One question that then arises is how many universes are there. That may sound like the sort of quantity that is inherently unknowable but Andrei Linde and Vitaly Vanchurin at Stanford University in California have worked out an answer, of sorts.

Their answer goes like this. The Big Bang was essentially a quantum process which generated quantum fluctuations in the state of the early universe. The universe then underwent a period of rapid growth called inflation during which these perturbations were "frozen", creating different initial classical conditions in different parts of the cosmos. Since each of these regions would have a different set of laws of low energy physics, they can be thought of as different universes.

What Linde and Vanchurin have done is estimate how many different universes could have appeared as a result of this effect. Their answer is that this number must be proportional to the effect that caused the perturbations in the first place, a process called slow roll inflation, and in particular to the number "e-foldings" of slow roll inflation.

Of course, the actual number depends critically on how you define the difference between universes.

Linde and Vanchurin have applied some reasonable rules to calculate that the number of universes in the multiverse and have totted it up to at least 10^10^10^7. A "humungous" number is how they describe it, with no little understatement.

How many of these could we actually see? What's interesting here is that the properties of the observer become an important factor because of a limit to the amount of information that can be contained within any given volume of space, a number known as the Bekenstein limit, and by the limits of the human brain.

Linde and Vanchurin say that total amount of information that can be absorbed by one individual during a lifetime is about 10^16 bits. So a typical human brain can have 10^10^16 configurations and so could never disintguish more than that number of different universes.

10^10^16 is a big number but it is dwarfed by the "humungous" 10^10^10^7.

"We have found that the strongest limit on the number of different locally distinguishable geometries is determined mostly by our abilities to distinguish between different universes and to remember our results," say Linde and Vanchurin

So the limit does not depend on the properties of the multiverse but on the properties of the observer.

How profound is that!

Ref: arxiv.org/abs/0910.1589: How Many Universes Are In The Multiverse?

Jedna od mojih omiljenih tema. Interesantno je da zakoni fizike kakve mi poznajemo ne bi bili isiti u svakoj verziji svemira (kao što ne važe svi čak i u našem univerzumu, na kvantnom nivou).

 

[jovanovm]

Ja sam uvek mislio da je 10^10^10 ... ali sjajan komentar, da broj univerzuma koji postoji je ogranicen samo nasim umom, a ne samim postojanjem. Nekima (medju njima i meni) to mirise na bozansko "uplitanje prstiju", tj. aktualizuje postojanje vise svesti, ali opet to je licna preferenca...

U sv. slucaju, koga ovo interesuje svidja mi se objasnjenje o razlicitim dimenzijama i svemirima u ovim video snimcima:

Prvi deo:
[video]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JkxieS-6WuA[/video]

Drugi deo:
[video]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ySBaYMESb8o[/video]

 

[bigvlada]

Father of the Chinese space program dies
BY CRAIG COVAULT
SPACEFLIGHT NOW
Posted: November 2, 2009



The father of China's space and strategic rocket program Tsien Hsue-shen, who worked initially on U.S. rocket development, helped bring Werner Von Braun to the U.S. then was wrongly deported back to China in the 1950s for alleged ties with communist China, died in Beijing Oct. 31 at age 98. (He has also gone by the name of Qian Xuesen.)

His death comes ironically at the same time President Barack Obama is ready to visit China where increased U.S./ Chinese space cooperation will be discussed with likely references to Tsien's contributions to both countries as a common focal point.

As a prelude to Obama's visit, major new space cooperation projects have been discussed at lower levels. These include U. S. support for eventual Chinese Shenzhou flights to the International Space Station. But the initial level of new cooperation is likely to be far less ambitious.

It is a fluke of history, however, that the U.S. and China have reached the point where such cooperative talks are possible, just as the person who could have brought it about earlier has passed from the scene.

Once deported back to China, Tsien single-handedly built a national space and rocketry program "from the technology base of an agrarian society," according to an Orlando Sentinel history of Tsien written by Mike Cabbage as part of research he did when accompanying this editor to China in 2001. Cabbage is now a public affairs officer with NASA.

In a remarkable story of the cold war spanning nine decades, Tsien is celebrated by China as the father of its space and missile developments and also by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the California Institute of Technology as one of the founders of JPL and key other U.S. facilities.

U.S. officials now deplore his treatment by ham-handed U.S. officials that sent him back to China where his missile and space systems continue to influence relations between the two countries.

In space historian Mark Wade's account, "Tsien was born in 1911 in Hangzhou, the son of a government official. He was educated at Shanghai Jiaotong University, and, in 1935, with the help of a scholarship, went first to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the US, and then, a year later, to the Institute of Technology (Caltech), where he was to be awarded his doctorate, and be based for the next two decades.

"After earning his Ph.D. in 1939, Tsien joined the Caltech faculty."

"He was very impressed by people who could really perform at a high level," said Iris Chang, author of a Tsien biography titled Thread of the Silkworm. "He was very dismissive of those who couldn't make the cut."

Beyond the work of Robert Goddard in the 1930s, rocket research advanced in the U.S. under a group who sought help from Theodore von Karman at the California Institute of Technology.

The group, included Jack Parsons who would later form Aerojet Corp. and Tsien, who along with others involved were dubbed "the suicide squad" as they began rocket engine tests at Arroyo Seco northwest of Pasadena, Calif.. This planted the seeds for JPL to become preeminent in space and rocketry.

"The Army created a rocket-development branch in 1943, and the next year von Karman, Tsien and another colleague won a contract to design some of the first long-range ballistic missiles," says Cabbage.

At the end of World War II, Tsien was sent to Europe to debrief German rocket scientists for transfer to the U.S. And it was at one of these meetings that Tsien met Von Braun. Unbeknownst to either, the future head of China's space program was debriefing the future head of America's space program and the man that would land men on the Moon.

But lurking in Tsien's past was trouble that would get him sent back to China, never to return.

As Cabbage notes "to graduate student Tsien Hsue-shen, the gatherings at Sidney Weinbaum's California home seemed like typical American parties of the 1930s -- not meetings of Professional Unit 122, Pasadena Section of the U.S. Communist Party."

"There were spirited political discussions, music, games and good conversation. The parties provided a needed break every few weeks from the academic grind endured by the 26-year-old aeronautics whiz and two dozen or so Caltech colleagues. Tsien came for the music. He was learning to play the flute," says Cabbage

"More than a decade later, those all-but-forgotten get-togethers would turn Tsien's life upside down," he said.

According to the Cabbage study, "The evidence presented against him during the deportation hearings was, to be charitable, underwhelming. No witness could say for sure whether Tsien had been a member of the Communist Party. There were no official party records connecting him to the group. The case hinged on a single membership list in the handwriting of police investigators, who claimed they had copied the names from other documents. Tsien steadfastly maintained his innocence.

"Nevertheless, immigration officials ruled Tsien had lied on the immigration form when he re-entered the country in 1947 and was a communist subject to expulsion. The government spent the next four years debating what to do with him. Finally, Tsien was notified in 1955 that he was going back to China. His departure was part of a negotiated swap of Chinese scientists in the United States for Americans captured during the Korean War and held in China.

In 1955, Tsien was allowed to return to China. "Five years of virtual house arrest had turned Tsien's American dream into a nightmare," says Cabbage.

Frustrated and increasingly bitter about his treatment, Tsien was more than ready to go. One can only imagine his resentment as he, his wife and their two small children -- both U.S. citizens by birth -- boarded a ship at Los Angeles harbor for the three-week trip to China. Before leaving, Tsien addressed the horde of reporters who packed the dock:

"I do not plan to come back. I have no reason to come back. I have thought about it for a long time. I plan to do my best to help the Chinese people build up their nation to where they can live with dignity and happiness."

"China fully understood the windfall it was getting," says Cabbage. "Tsien returned to a conquering hero's welcome. He spent the first few weeks touring the country and reaping accolades. Almost overnight, the government handed him the reins of China's fledgling aerospace and missile programs. He quickly went to work building the industry almost from scratch in a society still living with one foot in the Middle Ages.

"There were no research facilities. No modern manufacturing plants. Not even Chinese textbooks in many crucial subjects. More than anyone, Tsien changed that. Four months after his return, he founded Beijing's Institute of Mechanics, specializing in critical defense needs, including missiles, atomic energy, computers and electronics.

Those who worked for Tsien regarded him with almost religious awe," Cabbage says.

"Everyone always wanted him to give us lectures," said He Ling Shu, a professor at the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. "As the first person to start our country's rocket industry, he was very, very famous."

Progress was slow. But Tsien's return to China did nothing to mellow his perfectionism and impatience with mediocrity.

"He was so far ahead of us, we couldn't even comprehend how far at first," said Luan Enjie, the head of China's National Space Administration. when we interviewed him in Beijing in 2001. He would later head the Chang'e project, China's first lunar mission spacecraft development

According to Cabbage, "Tsien had access to China's top leaders, including Mao. That meant access to funding. But there was a price. Friends in America -- who almost universally remember Tsien as someone who shunned politics -- heard from him less and less. However, his statements began appearing in China's state-run media more and more.

"As long as we are able to act in accordance with Chairman Mao's directives," Tsien was quoted as saying, "victory will surely belong to us."

In 1958, 20 years after a naive young graduate student first played the flute at leftist Sidney Weinbaum's parties; Tsien officially became a member of the Communist Party. He was elected to China's rubber-stamp national legislature later that year.

With Tsien's guidance and help from Soviet scientists, China's leap from developing backwater to strategic missile power was stunningly swift. The country officially entered the Space Age in 1960 by launching a Chinese-built knockoff of a Soviet booster.

Tsien developed China's early ballistic missiles that could deliver its atomic weapons. The same CZ launcher class is still used to launch China's satellite and now its astronauts on Shenzhou spacecraft that resemble the Soviet Soyuz.

As the cold war eased, Tsien sometimes hosted old friends from JPL but he never returned to the U.S. Largely bedridden in later years he lived out his life in a guarded apartment complex for top Chinese leaders.

Izvor: Spaceflight Now
http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n0911/02china/

Artur Klark je u čast ovog čoveka kineksi svemirski brod koji ide ka Jupiteru i Otkriću u Odiseji 2010, trkajući se sa Leonovim nazvao Cijen. Glupost koju su u ovom slučaju iskazali Amerikanci se može porediti sa glupošću Nemaca i Italijana da proteraju Ajnštajna i Enrika Fermija.

 

[bigvlada]

veličina

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/scale/

pomerajte slajder polako ka desno, kada dođete do kraja, lagano ustanite i brzo do kupatila na pranje ruku (btw. što se tiče bakterija i virusa, tastatura je daleko prljavija od poklopca klozetske šolje, mislite o tome).

 

[bigvlada]

Naočare koje emituju titlove
Autor: Blic online | Foto:NEC | 07.11.2009. - 09:43

Japanska kompanija NEC proizvela je naočare koje tokom razgovora između osoba sa različitih jezičkih govornih područja emituju titlove.

Naočare nemaju stakla ali imaju slušalice i uz njih se koristi mali projektor koji prikazuje slike ka mrežnjači korisnika. NEC u saopštenju navodi da planira da proizvede verziju naočara koje će simultano uz govor obezbeđivati i titl. Japanska kompanija ističe da su naočare po imenu "Tele Skaunter" namenjene zaposlenima koji rade sa mušterijama kako bi im podaci o kupljenom proizvodu odmah tokom konverzacije bili predstavljeni.
Mikrofon na slušalicama prilikom upotrebe snima glasove oba učesnika u razgovoru, šalje ih kroz softver za prevod i sistem prebacivanja glasa u tekst nakon čega šalje prevod nazad u slušalice. Istovremeno dok korisnik čuje prevod, takođe dobija i tekst ispred mrežnjače.
"Možete ga koristiti tokom živog razgovora", rekao je portparol NEC-a Takajuki Omino.
Prema njegovim rečima, ovaj sistem se može koristiti tokom poverljivih razgovora koji bi mogli da budu zloupotrebljeni prisustvom "živog" prevodioca, piše britanski "Telegraf".

Izvor:Blic
http://www.blic.rs/blic_it.php?id=119272

Nije to još na nivou last starfighter-a ali polako stižemo i do toga.

 

[bigvlada]

Russian space agency plan to build NUCLEAR space rocket

By Daily Mail Reporter
Last updated at 9:11 AM on 30th October 2009


Russia's space agency is planning to build a nuclear-powered spaceship for manned missions to Mars, its chief announced yesterday.

Anatoly Perminov told a government meeting on Wednesday that the preliminary design could be ready by 2012 and would take nine years and cost £363million to build.

'The implementation of this project will allow us to reach a new technological level surpassing foreign developments,' Mr Perminov said.

The Russian Space Agency is using 40-year-old booster rockets to transport astronauts to the International Space Station. Now they plan to go nuclear

On Thursday he said the nuclear craft would be used for manned missions to Mars and the creation of 'planetary outposts' in comments posted on the space agency website.

President Dmitry Medvedev has backed the project and urged the government to find the money.

The ambitious plans contrast with Russia's slow progress on building a replacement to its mainstay spacecraft - the Soyuz.

Russia is using Soyuz booster rockets and capsules, developed 40 years ago, to send crews to the International Space Station. The development of a replacement rocket and a prospective spaceship with a conventional propellant has dragged on with no end in sight.

Despite its continuing reliance on the old technology, Russia stands to take a greater role in space exploration in the coming years. Nasa's plan to retire its shuttle fleet next year will force the United States and other nations to rely on the Russian spacecraft to ferry their astronauts to and from the International Space Station until NASA's new manned ship becomes available.

Russian President Dmitry Medvedev (right) listens to chief designer Alexander Leonov (centre) as the head of the Russian space agency Anatoly Perminov (left) looks on, during a visit to the Scientific Engineering production facility

Perminov said the new nuclear-powered ship should have a megawatt-class nuclear reactor, as opposed to small nuclear reactors that powered some Soviet military satellites.

The Cold War-era Soviet spy satellites had reactors that produced just a few kilowatts of power and had a life span of about a year.

Igor Lisov, a Moscow-based expert on Russian space programme, said the prospective ship would use a nuclear reactor to run an electric rocket engine.

'It will be quite efficient for flight to Mars,' he said.

Lisov said Soviet work on a nuclear-powered electric rocket engine dates back to the 1960s when Soviet engineers began developing plans for a manned flight to Mars.

He said Russia's experience in building nuclear-powered satellites would also help develop the new spaceship.

'It will require a significantly more powerful nuclear reactor, but the task is quite realistic,' Lisov said.

Stanley Borowski, a senior engineer at Nasa specializing in nuclear rocket engines, said they have many advantages for deep space missions, such as to take astronauts and gear to Mars. In deep space, nuclear rockets would be twice as fuel-efficient as conventional rockets, he said.

Nasa has used small amounts of plutonium in deep space probes, including those to Jupiter, Saturn, Pluto and heading out of the solar system.

The only planetary mission currently considered by Russia is a plan to send a probe to one of Mars' twin moons, Phobos. It was set to launch this year, but was delayed.

Izvoraily mail
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencet...e-agency-plan-build-NUCLEAR-space-rocket.html

Yap, jonski motor, ali sa pravim megavatnim nuklearnim reaktorom, ne RTG-om (Radioisotope thermoelectric generator) kakav je korišten na Vojadžerima. Biće lansiran u orbitu klasičnom raketom, ceo ili u delovima a pravu snagu će pokazati prilikom međuplanetarnih letova. Glavni problem sa jonskim motorima je što traže moćan izvor energije a ovim će i to biti rešeno.

hmm, Cobra MK III with full military lasers, docking computer and hyperdrive. Soon.

 

[Milance]

Cena £363million ili £363billion ?
Ne znam zasto mi 363 miliona malo deluje za ovako nesto.

 

[Nikola]

U milionima bas deluje malo, ali opet nema sanse da bi Rusi dali za bilo sta toliku cifru u milijardama.

 

[vucko]

363 miliona je sasvim ok za pocetak,zivela nuklearna energija!

Evo predavanja sa MIT-a pre 11 dana o buducnosti nuklearne energije,vredi odgledati.

http://mitworld.mit.edu/video/447

Nuclear energy will emerge either as a solution to the twin crises of global warming and a secure energy supply, or global catastrophe. Within this panel at least, there doesn’t seem to be a comfortable middle ground.

 

[bigvlada]

Otkriven gen koji omogućava dug život
Autor: Blic online | Foto:Reuters | 17.11.2009. - 08:52

Naučnici su proučavali grupu ljudi čija je starost u proseku bila 97 godina i otkrili da su svi oni nasledili poseban gen koji usporava starenje ćelija, prenosi "Dejli telegraf".

Proučavana grupa koju je činilo 86 osoba, ali i njihova deca imali su viši nivo enzima telomeraze za koji se zna da štiti DNK od razgradnje.
Naučni tim sa njujorškog medicinskog koledža "Albert Ajnštajn" smatra da bi ovo otkriće moglo dovesti do izuma novih lekova protiv starenja.
Enzim telomeraza štiti telomere, kratke ponovljene nizove nukleotida na kraju hromozoma koji imaju funkciju da sprečavaju razgradnju hromozoma.
Svaki put pri ćelijskoj deobi telomere se skraćuju, pa ćelije brže umiru.
Naučnici veruju da bi, povećanjem nivoa telomeraze u DNK lancu, konačno mogli da zaustave umiranje ćelija i uspore starenje.
Istraživanje je objavljeno u zvaničnom listu Američke akademije nauka.

Izvor: Blic
http://www.blic.rs/slobodnovreme.php?id=120893

 

[bigvlada]

Dobro, to je bio Blic, sada nešto ozbiljniji članci

'Longevity Gene' Common Among People Living To 100 Years Old And Beyond

ScienceDaily (Feb. 4, 2009) — A variation in the gene FOXO3A has a positive effect on the life expectancy of humans, and is found much more often in people living to 100 and beyond – moreover, this appears to be true worldwide.


A research group in the Faculty of Medicine at the Christian-Albrechts-University in Kiel (CAU) has now confirmed this assumption by comparing DNA samples taken from 388 German centenarians with those from 731 younger people. The results of the study appear this week in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ("PNAS").

Previously, in September 2008, an American research team led by Bradley J. Willcox had published in PNAS a study that indicated a higher frequency of this genetic variation in long-lived Americans of Japanese origin (ages 95 and above). Professor Almut Nebel, the scientific leader of the "Research Group for Healthy Ageing" at Kiel, comments: "That published result is only of scientific value if it can be confirmed in a study with an independently chosen sample population. Without that there must still remain a tinge of doubt. We have now eliminated that uncertainty about the connection between FOXO3A and longevity, both by our results from the German sample study and by the support from our French partners in Paris, whose research on French centenarians showed the same trend. This discovery is of particular importance as there are genetic differences between Japanese and European people. We can now conclude that this gene is probably important as a factor in longevity throughout the world."

FOXO3A is of great interest for genetic research on ageing, since it was reported in the 1990s that the gene was connected with ageing processes in worms and flies. It is because of those observations that the Kiel research group at the Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology has been working for a long time on variations of this gene in humans.

"The most difficult problem is to get enough old people, especially those aged 100 or more, to take part in such a study. Interestingly, the genetic effects are much more evident in 100-year-olds than in 95-year-olds", notes the first author of the report, Dr. Friederike Flachsbart of the Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology at Kiel University. However, through the support of the Schleswig Holstein biobank Popgen, which now contains over 660 DNA samples from centenarians, the institute in Kiel has access to one of the world’s largest collections of DNA samples from long-lived research subjects.

Izvor: Science Daily
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/02/090203081624.htm

 

[bigvlada]

November 10, 2009
“Longevity Genes” -Why Some of Us Live Longer

Scientists have long been baffled as to why some people live so much longer than others. Diet and exercise account for some of it, but researchers have found that genetics also factor heavily into the equation, and that long life is somewhat hereditary as it is with living bristlecone pine that were alive when Caesar ruled Rome.

However, centenarians are known to have just as many—and sometimes even more—harmful gene variants compared with those who die much younger. So what is the secret advantage? That’s a question the experts have been eager to find an answer to.

Scientists at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University have finally unlocked the secret behind the paradox. They were able to identify specific favorable “longevity genes” that offer protection from the harmful effects of “bad genes”. The discovery could lead to new drugs that protect against age related diseases.

“We hypothesized that people living to 100 and beyond must be buffered by genes that interact with disease-causing genes to negate their effects,” says Dr. Aviv Bergman, a professor in the departments of pathology and neuroscience at Einstein and senior author of the study.

To test the hypothesis, Dr. Bergman and his colleagues examined individuals enrolled in Einstein’s Longevity Genes Project, initiated in 1998 to investigate longevity genes in a selected population: Ashkenazi (Eastern European) Jews. They are descended from a founder group of just 30,000 or so people. So they are relatively genetically homogeneous, which makes it easier to associate traits (in this case, age-related diseases and longevity) with the genes that determine them.

Participating in the study were 305 Ashkenazi Jews more than 95 years old and a control group of 408 unrelated Ashkenazi Jews. (Centenarians are so rare in any human population—only one in 10,000 people live to be 100—that “longevity” genes probably wouldn’t turn up in a typical control group.)

All participants were grouped into cohorts representing each decade of lifespan from the 50’s on up. Using DNA samples, the researchers determined the prevalence in each cohort of 66 genetic markers present in 36 genes associated with aging.

As expected, some disease-related gene variants were as prevalent or even more prevalent in the oldest cohorts of Ashkenazi Jews than in the younger ones. And as Dr. Bergman had predicted, genes associated with longevity also became more common in each succeeding cohort.

“These results indicate that the frequency of deleterious genotypes may increase among people who live to extremely old ages because their protective genes allow these disease-related genes to accumulate,” says Dr. Bergman.

The Einstein researchers were able to construct a network of gene interactions that contributes to the understanding of longevity. In particular, they found that the favorable variant of the gene CETP acts to buffer the harmful effects of the disease-causing gene Lp(a).

If future research confirms that a single longevity gene can buffers against multiple disease-causing genes, then drugs that mimic the action of the gene could protect against a variety of cardiovascular disease and other age-related ailments.

Izvor: dailygalaxy
http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2009/11/longevity-genes-why-some-of-us-live-longer.html

 

[bigvlada]

Can Humans Live to 1,000? Some Experts Claim We Can — Others Want to Prevent That

Cambridge University geneticist Aubrey de Grey has famously stated, “The first person to live to be 1,000 years old is certainly alive today …whether they realize it or not, barring accidents and suicide, most people now 40 years or younger can expect to live for centuries.”

Perhaps de Gray is way too optimistic, but plenty of others have joined the search for a virtual fountain of youth. In fact, a growing number of scientists, doctors, geneticists and nanotech experts—many with impeccable academic credentials—are insisting that there is no hard reason why ageing can’t be dramatically slowed or prevented altogether. Not only is it theoretically possible, they argue, but a scientifically achievable goal that can and should be reached in time to benefit those alive today.

“I am working on immortality,” says Michael Rose, a professor of evolutionary biology at the University of California, Irvine, who has achieved breakthrough results extending the lives of fruit flies. “Twenty years ago the idea of postponing aging, let alone reversing it, was weird and off-the-wall. Today there are good reasons for thinking it is fundamentally possible.”

Even the US government finds the field sufficiently promising to fund some of the research. Federal funding for “the biology of ageing”, excluding work on ageing-specific diseases like heart failure and cancer – has been running at about $2.4 billion a year, according to the National Institute of Ageing, part of the National Institutes of Health.

So far, the most intriguing results have been spawned by the genetics labs of bigger universities, where anti-ageing scientists have found ways to extend live spans of a range of organisms—including mammals. But genetic research is not the only field that may hold the key to eternity.

“There are many, many different components of ageing and we are chipping away at all of them,” said Robert Freitas at the Institute for Molecular Manufacturing, a non-profit, nanotech group in Palo Alto, California. “It will take time and, if you put it in terms of the big developments of modern technology, say the telephone, we are still about 10 years off from Alexander Graham Bell shouting to his assistant through that first device. Still, in the near future, say the next two to four decades, the disease of ageing will be cured.”

But not everyone thinks ageing can or should be cured. Some say that humans weren’t meant to live forever, regardless of whether or not we actually can.

“I just don't think [immortality] is possible,” says Sherwin Nuland, a professor of surgery at the Yale School of Medicine. “Aubrey and the others who talk of greatly extending lifespan are oversimplifying the science and just don't understand the magnitude of the task. His plan will not succeed. Were it to do so, it would undermine what it means to be human.”

It’s interesting that Nuland first says he doesn’t think it will work but then adds that if it does, it will undermine humanity. So, which is it? Is it impossible, or are the skeptics just hoping it is?

After all, we already have overpopulation, global warming, limited resources and other issues to deal with, so why compound the problem by adding immortality into the mix.

But anti-ageing enthusiasts argue that as our perspectives change and science and technology advance exponentially, new solutions will emerge. Space colonization, for example, along with dramatically improved resource management, could resolve the concerns associated with long life. They reason that if the Universe goes on seemingly forever—much of it presumably unused—why not populate it?

However, anti-ageing crusaders are coming up against an increasingly influential alliance of bioconservatives who want to restrict research seeking to “unnaturally” prolong life. Some of these individuals were influential in persuading President Bush in 2001 to restrict federal funding for embryonic stem cell research. They oppose the idea of life extension and anti-ageing research on ethical, moral and ecological grounds.

Leon Kass, the former head of Bush's Council on Bioethics, insists that “the finitude of human life is a blessing for every human individual”. Bioethicist Daniel Callahan of the Garrison, New York-based Hastings Centre, agrees: “There is no known social good coming from the conquest of death.”

Maybe they’re right, but then why do we as humans strive so hard to prolong our lives in the first place? Maybe growing old, getting sick and dying is just a natural, inevitable part of the circle of life, and we may as well accept it.

"But it's not inevitable, that's the point," de Grey says. "At the moment, we're stuck with this awful fatalism that we're all going to get old and sick and die painful deaths. There are a 100,000 people dying each day from age-related diseases. We can stop this carnage. It's simply a matter of deciding that's what we should be doing."

One wonders what Methuselah would say about all this.

Posted by Rebecca Sato

http://www.healthbolt.net/2007/07/26/forever-young/

http://www.worldhealth.net/p/the-im...n-the-brink-of-living-forever-2006-05-03.html

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4003063.stm

Izvor:dailygalaxy
http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2007/08/can-science-con.html

 

[bigvlada]

CERN planira da za vikend ponovo pokrene LHC
Autor: Tanjug | Foto:AP | 17.11.2009. - 21:59

Nakon popravke koja je trajala više od godinu dana, Veliki hadronski kolajder (LHC), najveći akcelerator čestica koji je ikada sagrađen, trebalo bi da tokom vikenda ponovo krene sa radom, saopštila je danas Evropska organizacija za nuklearna istraživanja (CERN).

Portparol CERN-a, Džejms Gilis, izjavio je da istraživači nisu fiksirali tačan datum ponovnog pokretanja "mašine za simuliranje velikog praska". Veliki hadronski kolajder, 27 kilometara dug podzemni tunel koji se proteže duž granice između Francuske i Švajcarske, pušten je u rad 10. septembra 2008. ali je zaustavljen svega 36 sati kasnije zbog kvara na magnetskim vodovima.
Uređaj, vredan šest milijardi evra, služi za razaranje čestica sa kataklizmičkom snagom čime će se stvoriti uslovi najbliži onim koji su nastali neposredno posle "Velikog praska".
Zajvaljujući kolajderu, istraživači se nadaju da će pronaći tragove "crne materije" od koje je teoretski satkano 96 odsto univerzuma i rešiti misteriju "Higzovog bozona", hipotetske čestice za koju se veruje da je ključ za razumevanje mase.
U ovaj projekat su uključeni naučnici iz 80 zemalja.

Izvor:Blic
http://www.blic.rs/svet.php?id=121149

 

[bigvlada]

Povodom politike upravljanja nuklearnim objektima u Srbiji
Država i Vinča
LIČNI STAV

Autor: Dr Zorka Vukmirović

Krajem maja ove godine, na brzinu i bez javne rasprave, Skupština Republike Srbije dopunjuje Zakon o zaštiti od jonizujućeg zračenja i o nuklearnoj sigurnosti članom 48a (Sl. glasnik RS 36/09) na osnovu koga Vlada donosi odluku (Sl. glasnik RS 50/09) o osnivanju Javnog preduzeća za upravljanje nuklearnim objektima u Republici Srbiji (u daljem tekstu JP NOS). Odluka Vlade je doneta neposredno pred odlazak na kolektivni odmor zaposlenih u Institutu za nuklearne nauke (INN) Vinča. Sve ovo se događa, naglašavam, bez javne rasprave i u rokovima nesvakidašnje hitnosti.

Da li slučajno ili namerno, ali se zaboravilo šta je pre 50 godina dovelo do usvajanja prvog Zakona o jonizujućem zračenju! U prigodnom izdanju „Pola veka Instituta Vinča (1948-1998)“, koje je objavljeno 2000. godine, prvi načelnik Laboratorije za zaštitu od zračenja Toma Tasovac piše: „Šokantni događaj koji je doveo do otrežnjenja i do formiranja posebne organizacione jedinice za zaštitu od zračenja bio je akcident na reaktoru nulte snage (RB) koji se dogodio 15. oktobra 1958. godine... Najzad, krajem aprila 1959. odlukom Uprave Instituta formirana je posebna organizacija - Radiološka zaštita. Samo sedam dana pre formiranja ove jedinice proglašen je Zakon o zaštiti od jonizujućeg zračenja (Sl. list SFRJ, 16/59)“. U istom delu prvi načelnik Laboratorije za fiziku i dinamiku reaktora dr Nenad Raišić piše: „Nuklearni akcident na reaktoru RB, koji se dogodio u oktobru 1958. godine, a čije su posledice bile ozračivanje petoro eksperimentatora visokim dozama zračenja, događaj je koji je ušao u literaturu akcidenata na nuklearnim postrojenjima kao jedan od onih čije su poruke doprinele povećanju sigurnosti nuklearnih postrojenja uopšte. Sa današnje perspektive, akcident na reaktoru RB bio je posledica nedostatka iskustva u projektovanju, izgradnji i naročito pogonu jedne nuklearne mašine, čije potencijalne opasnosti nisu dovoljno sagledane.“

Ovi autori su citirali dokument Međunarodne agencije za atomsku energiju (MAAE) u kome se mogu naći svi detalji rekonstrukcije akcidenta i određivanje te visoke doze zračenja. Ono čega nema u tim tekstovima jeste ko su bili ti eksperimentatori. Od petoro ozračenih dvoje su bili apsolventi fizike, koji su radili diplomske radove, zatim dva nezavršena studenta fizike, koji su bili zaposleni kao tehničari. Niko od konstruktora i šefova nije bio prisutan u toku tog eksperimenta u hali reaktora. Ozračenima je uspešno presađena koštana srž u Parizu, a glavni eksperimentator, koji je primio najveću dozu prilikom ručnog zaustavljanja rada reaktora, prestao je da se bori za svoj život zbog osećanja odgovornosti i umro. Tu vest je prokomentarisao profesor Fakulteta za fiziku dr Dragoljub Jovanović: „Da li su ti studenti u toku studija imali vežbe na reaktoru da bi im se takva mašina dala u ruke?!“ Naravno da nisu, jer je prvi put kritičnost dostignuta aprila 1958. godine.

Žurilo se da za Prvi maj 1958. drug Tito svečano pusti u rad reaktor RB.

Nažalost, izgleda da nismo ništa naučili za ovih proteklih 50 godina - i dalje političari vuku sve konce, a stručnjaci se ne pitaju ili ćute plašeći se političke odmazde. Možda bi se katastrofa izbegla da se nije žurilo da se udovolji tadašnjem političkom vrhu kada je došlo do promene odnosa vlasti u SSSR-u prema KPJ i očekivala se njihova pomoć u oblasti nuklearne energije. U pomenutoj knjizi Milorad Ristić, direktor Instituta u periodu 1961-1965, piše: „Tada je još odlučeno da prvu lančanu reakciju fisije na Balkanu treba da ostvarimo sami, a da od dva istraživačka reaktora, koji su se mogli nabaviti u SSSR-u, uzmemo veći, teškovodni. Nekoliko meseci pre puštanja reaktora kupljenog u SSSR-u, u rad je pušten naš „nulti reaktor“ RB i tako je ostvarena prva lančana reakcija fisije na Balkanu, kao delo naših ruku i znanja“. Imajući u vidu nedostatak prave strategije razvoja nuklearne energije tada, kao i posledice nedovoljnog iskustva u izvršavanju ishitrenih planova, neshvatljivo je da se 51 godinu kasnije nekom žurilo da se NOS preda u ruke mr Radojici Pešiću, asistentu na Tehnološko-metalurškom fakultetu, koji je potpuno anoniman u svetu nauke, a posebno u oblasti nuklearnih nauka.

Šta se to daje takvom stručnjaku na upravljanje? Pored skladišta za nisko- i srednje-radioaktivni otpad, to je i bazen u kom se nalaze šipke sa visokoradioaktivnim istrošenim reaktorskim gorivom. Visoka delegacija MAAE na čelu sa direktorom, nobelovcem Mohamedom el Baradejem posetila je Institut u julu ove godine. Posle posete on je izjavio: „Zabrinuti smo zbog broja godina koje su prošle od kada je gorivo iz reaktora uskladišteno. Jer, što više prolazi vreme, otpad sve više korodira i postaje potencijalna opasnost.“ Ministarstvo za nauku i tehnološki razvoj (MNTR) potvrdilo je da su skladišta opasnog nuklearnog otpada u kritičnom stanju i da ih MAAE smatra najvećom opasnošću u ovom delu Evrope.

Kakvo je to isluženo gorivo, koje čami u bazenima, kad smo bili svedoci velikog obezbeđenja za transport goriva u Rusiju i zaslužili pohvale od SAD?! Nažalost, tada je vraćeno skupo plaćeno rezervno sveže gorivo, a ostalo je isluženo visokoradioaktivno i visokoobogaćeno. Sada je na JP NOS-u da obavi tako odgovoran posao kao što je bezbedno pakovanje i transport visokoradioaktivnog i visokoobogaćenog istrošenog goriva u Rusiju.

Bez upuštanja u analizu svih propusta u organizovanju priprema, kao i za nalaženje finansijskih sredstava, s punim pravom građani Srbije mogu postaviti pitanje koga je Vlada konsultovala kada je donosila odluke o ovako odgovornom poslu. Mi možemo biti ponosni na naše stručnjake, koji su priznati u svetu na osnovu njihovih postignutih rezultata u oblasti nuklearnih nauka. Neki su na rukovodećim položajima u prestižnim ustanovama. Zbog čega se naše vlasti oglušuju o upozorenja koja je iznela profesorka dr Jasmina Vujić, dekan Fakulteta za nuklearnu tehniku Kalifornijskog univerziteta u Berkliju, u našim sredstvima informisanja u više navrata? Jedini mogući zaključak je da oni koji donose takve odluke nisu svesni svoje odgovornosti, a proklamovani stručnjaci zbog sujete ne prihvataju druga kompetentna i argumentovana mišljenja.

Da li se žurilo da se preseče vrpca povodom osnivanja JP NOS-a za 20. oktobar ili će se vraćanje isluženog goriva iskoristiti u predizbornoj kampanji?

Ostaje nada da će stručnjaci, koji su sada zaposleni u Institutu, odoleti svim pritiscima od strane nametnutih članova u rukovodećim i upravljačkim organima, i da se neće ponoviti nešto slično „šokantnom događaju“ iz oktobra 1958. godine.

Autorka je diplomirani fizikohemičar

Izvor: Danas
http://www.danas.rs/vesti/dijalog/drzava_i_vinca.46.html?news_id=177084

 

[bigvlada]

NASA Creates Key Building Block of Life in Lab

NASA scientists have reproduced uracil, a key component of the hereditary material, RNA. The uracil was created by exposing an ice sample containing the molecule pyrimidine to ultraviolet radiation under space-like conditions. The research may help astrobiologists understand how molecules for the origin of life were first made.

Pyrimidine is a ring-shaped molecule made up of carbon and nitrogen and is the basic structure for uracil, part of a genetic code found in ribonucleic acid (RNA). RNA is central to protein synthesis, but has many other roles.

"We have demonstrated for the first time that we can make uracil, a component of RNA, non-biologically in a laboratory under conditions found in space," said Michel Nuevo, research scientist at NASA's Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. "We are showing that these laboratory processes, which simulate occurrences in outer space, can make a fundamental building block used by living organisms on Earth."

NASA Ames scientists have been simulating the environments found in interstellar space and the outer solar system for years. During this time, they have studied a class of carbon-rich compounds, called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which have been identified in meteorites, and are the most common carbon-rich compound observed in the universe. PAHs typically are six-carbon ringed structures that resemble fused hexagons, or a piece of chicken wire.

Pyrimidine also is found in meteorites, although scientists still do not know its origin. It may be similar to the carbon-rich PAHs, in that it may be produced in the final outbursts of dying, giant red stars, or formed in dense clouds of interstellar gas and dust.

“Molecules like pyrimidine have nitrogen atoms in their ring structures, which makes them somewhat whimpy. As a less stable molecule, it is more susceptible to destruction by radiation, compared to its counterparts that don’t have nitrogen,” said Scott Sandford, a space science researcher at Ames. “We wanted to test whether pyrimidine can survive in space, and whether it can undergo reactions that turn it into more complicated organic species, such as the nucleobase uracil.”

In theory, the researchers thought that if molecules of pyrimidine could survive long enough to migrate into interstellar dust clouds, they might be able to shield themselves from radiation destruction. Once in the clouds, most molecules freeze onto dust grains (much like moisture in your breath condenses on a cold window during winter).

These clouds are dense enough to screen out much of the surrounding outside radiation of space, thereby providing some protection to the molecules inside the clouds.

Scientists tested their hypotheses in the Ames Astrochemistry Laboratory. During their experiment, they exposed the ice sample containing pyrimidine to ultraviolet radiation under space-like conditions, including a very high vacuum, extremely low temperatures (approximately - 340 degrees Fahrenheit), and harsh radiation.

They found that when pyrimidine is frozen in water ice, it is much less vulnerable to destruction by radiation. Instead of being destroyed, many of the molecules took on new forms, such as the RNA component uracil, which is found in the genetic make-up of all living organisms on Earth.

“We are trying to address the mechanisms in space that are forming these molecules. Considering what we produced in the laboratory, the chemistry of ice exposed to ultraviolet radiation may be an important linking step between what goes on in space and what fell to Earth early in its development,” said Stefanie Milam, a researcher at NASA Ames and a co-author of the research paper.


“Nobody really understands how life got started on Earth. Our experiments demonstrate that once the Earth formed, many of the building blocks of life were likely present from the beginning. Since we are simulating universal astrophysical conditions, the same is likely wherever planets are formed,” explained Sandford.

Casey Kazan

Source: http://www.nasa.gov/topics/technology/features/uracil.html

 

[bigvlada]

Darwin's Lab: Scientists on Brink of Creating Life

Scientists, including Harvard Medical School's Jack Szostak, expect an announcement within three to 10 years from someone in the now little-known field of "wet artificial life" created the first cell of synthetic life — made from the basic chemicals in DNA.

Szostak predicts that within the next six months, scientists will report evidence that the first step — creating a cell membrane using fatty acids — is "not a big problem."

"It's going to be a big deal and everybody's going to know about it," said Mark Bedau, chief operating officer of ProtoLife of Venice, Italy, one of those in the race. "Creating protocells has the potential to shed new light on our place in the universe," Bedau said. "This will remove one of the few fundamental mysteries about creation in the universe and our role."

And several scientists believe man-made life forms will one day offer the potential for solving a variety of problems, from fighting diseases to locking up greenhouse gases to eating toxic waste.

Bedau figures there are three major hurdles to creating synthetic life:

• A container, or membrane, for the cell to keep bad molecules out, allow good ones, and the ability to multiply.

• A genetic system that controls the functions of the cell, enabling it to reproduce and mutate in response to environmental changes.

• A metabolism that extracts raw materials from the environment as food and then changes it into energy.

Szostak is optimistic about getting nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA, to form a working genetic system. His idea is that once the container is made, if scientists add nucleotides in the right proportions, then Darwinian evolution could simply take over.

"We aren't smart enough to design things, we just let evolution do the hard work and then we figure out what happened," Szostak said.

Bedau said there are legitimate worries about creating life that could "run amok," but there are ways of addressing it, and it will be a very long time before that is a problem.

"When these things are created," Bedau added, "they're going to be so weak, it'll be a huge achievement if you can keep them alive for an hour in the lab," he said. "But them getting out and taking over, never in our imagination could this happen.

"We're talking about a technology that could change our world in pretty fundamental ways — in fact, in ways that are impossible to predict."

Posted by Casey Kazan.

Izvor:dailygalaxy
http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2007/08/scientists-worl.html

 

[orion]

Одавно се није причало о науци-не рачунам негативне коментаре на изградњу Центра за промоцију науке или укидање министарства за науку. Ретко се може наћи и у новинама нешто на ту тему (можда некад неки чланак објави Политика или Време). Све новине ће да објаве ко је избачен из Великог Брата али се не може наћи информација о томе ко је добитник награде Марка Јарића. Желео бих да укажем на један светао пример који наравно долази као плод ентузијазма. Ради се о пројекту Вики Научне Дијаспоре Србије https://wiki.physics.udel.edu/ssd/Main_Page , на овом сајту може се пронаћи и једно одлично попуарно предавање о научној дијаспори Србије. Ко има интересовање за науку овде може доћи до веома интересантних података о томе где се наша наука налази у поређењу са светском.

prezentacija

др Бранислав Николић,
професор универзитета Delavare (SAD)
http://www.kolarac.rs/data/predavanja/100610-branislav-nikolic.mp3

 

[orion]

У претходном посту похвалих Време, после налетех на ово

http://www.b92.net/zivot/nauka.php?yyyy=2011&mm=04&dd=15&nav_id=506626

и најзанимљивији део

"...Reci NE tim” je osmislio akciju slanja plišanih životinja sa znakom “NE” u sve one ustanove u svetu gde je stigla srpska nauka..."

каква генијална идеја :bash:

 

[Homer Jay]

Zapravo to ti je copy/paste gnoma iz Amelija Pulen....

 

[orion]

Да су овако нешто урадила деца из вртића која су се организовала да би добили нове играчке не бих се чудио али пошто то раде они који као праве неке стратегије за науку ситуација постаје жалосна. Не морају бар да бламирају наше научнике који раде по страним институтима слањем тих плишаних играчака.

 

[orion]

Са стране пружања услова за развој науке си сасвим у праву. С друге стране, и оне државе које улажу у науку много мање, такође постижу значајне резултате. Русија, Кина, па и Индија (намерно говорим само о земљама које нису ВБ колоније) са много мање средстава су такође у светском научном врху.

Индија је посебна прича имају феноменалне научнике посебно за базичне науке и о њима могу само најбоље да причам, нису случајно у америчким филмовима Индијци представљени као највећи штребери . С обзиром да Индија покушава да се издигне као велесила они покушавају да врате своје научнике из Америке међутим реалност је таква да када се врате не могу да постижу врхунске резултате и дешава се да се они поново врате у Америку. Наравно то их не обесхрабрује па примењују и другу тактику а то је унапређење образовања колико је то озбиљно може да се види на пројекту који су покренули у циљу унапређења образовања http://www.nptel.iitm.ac.in/ . Баш бих волео да више сарађујемо са њима пуно тога бисмо могли да научимо.

Новац не игра увек пресудну улогу да би се дошло до врхунских резултата. Најбољи пример је http://www.politika.rs/rubrike/spek...atematichar-opet-odbija-milion-dolara.lt.html али да би се врхунски резултати могли постизати нпр у области која је тренутно хит, а ради се о графенима потребне су скупе лабораторије и ту је ентузијазам потребан али не и довољан услов.

 

[boca-ica]

Irkutski naučnici su stvorili jedinstveni građevinski materijal, koji može da zameni i plastiku i drvo. Ovaj je materijal dobio naziv „vinizol“. Za dobijanje ovog materijala koriste se ostaci šljaka i ostaci polimera. Po mnogim svojstvima novi materijal je nalik prirodnom drvetu, govori profesor katedre za plemenite metale i inžinjernu ekologiju naučnog instituta Irkutskog državnog tehničkog univerziteta Elena Zelinskaja.

„On može da zameni te materijale, koji se prave bilo od polimernih materijala, bilo od takozvanih drvo-polimernih kompozita, koji su sada veoma popularni, sa dobrim karakteristikama. Ali, mi smo uspeli da ih poboljšamo. Učinili smo materijal nezapaljivim, a takođe ne može se ni natopiti vodom. Ne truli i ne gori.“

Po pitanju cene- vinizol je skuplji u odnosu na drvo. Ali, otporan je na mraz i dugovečan je. Za testiranje ovog materijala, puštena je u rad nova tehnološka linija. Danas se na njoj takođe pravispecijalna daska, koja može da se koristi bilo gde, gde postoji vlaga. Po spoljašnjem vidu, takvu dasku od prirodne, može da razlikuje samo specijalista. Koliko će pravog drveta biti spašeno, ako binizol uđe u masovnu proizvodnju, stručnjaci još nisu izračunali.

izvor: http://www.personalmag.rs/opusteno/tehno-nauka/vinizol-zamenjuje-plastiku-i-drvo/